林蛙肠道内容物中乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

[目的]探索适用于蝌蚪的乳酸菌。[方法]从不同林蛙肠道内容物中分离乳酸菌,并对其进行生化鉴定。[结果]成功从林蛙肠道内容物中分离出3株细菌。通过革兰氏染色和生化鉴定,可确定这3株细菌为同一种乳酸链球菌。[结论]该研究可为益生素类制剂和口服疫苗的制备提供优良的菌种。     

林蛙油颗粒剂制备工艺初探

对林蛙油颗粒剂制剂工艺的影响进行了考察，并初步确定了最佳的工艺条件，为林蛙油新产品的开发利用提供了依据。     

牛蛙和中华鳖甲状腺、肾上腺显微结构的比较研究

将健康的活体牛蛙、中华鳖的肾上腺、甲状腺取出,用Bouin氏液固定,包埋,切片,H-E染色法染色。比较观察后发现：牛蛙的肾上腺由成堆的细胞小体和管状体构成,中华鳖则由皮质和髓质构成,两者有明显的区别。但甲状腺牛蛙和中华鳖都是由滤泡组成,滤泡周围由丰富的毛细血管和网状纤维构成,其间充满均质状的胶体物质。     

Suitability of European green frogs for intensive culture: Comparison between different phenotypes of the esculenta hybridogenetic complex

European countries are probably the greatest consumers of frogs' legs, although this is occurring in a context of amphibian decline. Imports of frogs' legs have been increasing over the last few decades in relation to the development of deep-frozen products. This demand has stimulated farming with neotropical species for international trade. Today, in spite of some trials on European species, no production is effective. From the early 1990s, small-scale experimental rearing trials have been undertaken in Brittany (France) with a local green frog belonging to the esculenta complex (Rana ridibunda) which accepts granulated feed. This complex comprises two Mendelian species R. lessonae (LL) and R. ridibunda (RR) as well as their hybridogenetic hybrid Rana esculenta, which can be either diploid (RL) or triploid (RLL, RRL).The purpose of this study is to analyse the ability of each taxon to be reared. During the two months following metamorphosis, froglets were trained to eat pellets. The surviving individuals were reared for one year under regulated conditions to estimate the survival rate, growth and production of each frog type.The results show low survival rates (14.8 to 26.2%) for LL and RLL, higher rates (39–46.4%) for F₁ and F₂ from wild RR and RLL, with the highest rates (63.0 to 77.4%) for RL, RRL and all RR, using data from several years of rearing. After three years under rearing conditions, the adult survival rate is highest for rearing strain RR-Rivan 92* (53.7%). The growth rate varies greatly according to phenotype, and only frogs with an RR phenotype reach marketable size. In the wild, LL exhibits some difficulty in reaching this limit. As a result, production increases from 1.5–8.7 kg/m² for individuals with an L hemiclone to 22.9–35.7 kg/m² for each cohort of phenotype RR from at least two generations under rearing conditions.In relation to hybridogenesis processes, hybrids with diploid or triploid genomes do not seem to offer any advantage for production purposes. However, R. lessonae individuals from intensive rearing can produce fertile eggs and tadpoles, which could enable production for restocking to preserve wild diversity or build up new populations in suitable habitats.     

昆明地区昭觉林蛙种群的繁殖研究

2004年10月～2006年12月观察了昆明地区昭觉林蛙(Rana chaochiaoensis)的产卵期、产卵量、孵化时间、孵化率以及蝌蚪期持续时间等.结果显示,昆明地区昭觉林蛙的产卵期为每年10～11月;产卵量平均为1 859.92粒·团-1;完成胚胎发育期全过程需8～9d;蝌蚪孵化率达99%以上;蝌蚪期持续时间为6个月,Ⅰ期蝌蚪发育历时130d,Ⅱ期蝌蚪发育需42d,从蝌蚪进入第Ⅲ期到观察超过50%的幼蛙登陆为10d左右.昭觉林蛙繁殖时对产卵场的选择条件为足够的水域面积、水温和丰富的水草.     

东北林蛙满负荷放养技术

本文提出了东北林蛙养殖新模式——满负荷放养,并对该养殖模式的标准化蛙场基础设施建设、计划放养和科学管理等主要技术环节进行了详细介绍,可为林蛙养殖提供借鉴。     

饲料脂肪源和乳化剂对牛蛙生长性能、肠道消化酶活力及肝脏生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究以猪油或鱼油为脂肪源的饲料中添加乳化剂对牛蛙生长性能、肠道消化酶活力及肝脏生化指标的影响。试验采用2×2因子完全随机区组试验设计,2种脂肪源(猪油和鱼油)和2个乳化剂添加水平(0和300 mg/kg),配成4种等氮等能的试验饲料。将初始平均体重为(19.01±0.01)g的180只牛蛙随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只蛙,进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:未添加乳化剂的鱼油组增重率(WGR)和摄食量(FI)显著高于未添加乳化剂的猪油组(P0.05)。添加乳化剂的猪油组WGR和FI显著高于添加乳化剂的鱼油组(P0.05)。添加乳化剂的猪油组WGR、FI和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于未添加乳化剂的猪油组(P0.05),2组之间饲料系数(FCR)、氮沉积率(NRE)、能量沉积率(ERE)均差异不显著(P0.05)。添加乳化剂的鱼油组的各生长性能指标与未添加乳化剂的鱼油组均无显著差异(P0.05)。各组牛蛙胴体水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著(P0.05),而添加乳化剂的猪油组全体粗脂肪含量显著高于未添加乳化剂的猪油组(P0.05)。各组牛蛙肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力差异不显著(P0.05),饲料中添加乳化剂显著提高以猪油为主要脂肪源牛蛙的肠道脂肪酶活力(P0.05),而对以鱼油为主要脂肪源牛蛙的影响不显著(P0.05)。各组牛蛙肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力无显著差异(P0.05)。在以猪油为主要脂肪源时,添加乳化剂显著提高肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05);在以鱼油为主要脂肪源时,添加乳化剂对肝脏MDA含量无显著影响(P0.05)。根据结果得出,在以猪油为主要脂肪源的饲料中添加乳化剂可提高牛蛙的生长性能。     

美国青蛙膨气病病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

经对膨气病病原菌的分离鉴定，嗜水气单胞菌与假单胞菌属细菌是致病菌。药敏试验结果：庆大霉素，氯霉素对致病菌有较强的杀灭作用，中草药黄连，黄岑也有一定的抑制作用，该病发生与环境条件密切相关，保持良好的养殖水质环境是预防该病的最好方法。     

棘胸蛙人工繁殖及苗种培育技术的初步研究

本文对棘胸蛙(R.spunosa Danid)的人工繁殖及苗种培育进行了初步探讨,通过一系列实验考察了亲蛙的性腺发育、发情、产卵情况及卵的孵化情况。与14组自然繁殖的亲蛙对照,11组由LRH—A人工催产的亲蛙受精率及孵化率均较高,能同时获得大量蝌蚪,且能做到集中产卵,同时孵化,个体间基本同步发育。     

牛蛙脑膜炎黄杆菌病病原菌的研究

从广东省揭西县坪下牛蛙养殖场收集患黄杆菌病的病蛙,其症状是歪头、狂游、双眼白内障、肝脏肿大充血,腹水严重。从病蛙脑髓、眼底等处分离到62菌株。经急性毒性试验证明分离菌株对健康牛蛙有较强的致病性。选用其中有代表性的981229—1等菌株进行系统的生理生化试验结果显示,981229—3等菌株革兰氏染色阴性、短直杆菌、无动力、无芽孢、好氧型、不利用葡萄糖。内毒素试验阳性。经VITEK-AMS-60自动化检测系统鉴定为脑膜炎脓毒性黄杆菌(Flavobacterium meninosepticum)。选取47种抗菌药物,通过K—B纸片扩散法对分离菌进行耐药性试验结果显示,病原菌对40种试验药物耐药(85.11％)、中等敏感药物2种(4.26％)、敏感药物5种(10.64％)。以试管稀释法、测定分离菌株对5种敏感药物的平均 MIC分别是:利福平 0.24、环丙沙星 0.70、氧氟沙星 0.70、氟啶酸 1.20和麦迪霉素7.80μg/ml。